LINGUA LITERA Journal of English Linguistics and Literature THE USE OF CODE-MIXING BY SOUTH JAKARTAN YOUTH IN TWITTER

Youth and language are two inseparable things. In communication, youth usually have their way of communication. In form of written communication, youth mostly use code-mixing, especially in social media. Based on this phenomenon, this research attempts to analyze 20 posts by South Jakartan Youth on Twitter from September to October 2018 that contained code-mixing. The writer applied qualitative research and the theory of code-mixing by Mckay and Nancy. In those posts on Twitter by South Jakartan youth, the writer found three forms of code-mixing; insertions, phrases insertions, and sentence insertions.


I. INTRODUCTION
Code mixing is the condition where people use more than one language or code in the same topic, context, or people in communication. According to Nababan (1993), code-mixing is the situation in which the speaker mixes two or more languages or kinds of languages while communicating with each other. Suwito (1985) states code-mixing is the use of two languages or more inserting the elements of language from one language in the other consistently. In another word, code-mixing is adding another language in the first language used by the speaker. It can be done by people who are bilingual or multilingual.
People who use two or more languages in communication are called bilingual or multilingual. According to Myers (2006), bilingualism is the ability to use two or more languages sufficiently to carry on a limited casual conversation while the person who has that such ability is called bilingualism. It can be said that people who can use two languages in communication are called bilingual.
Furthermore, Pateda (1990) states that the term, multilingual, is used to describe a person who can speak three or more languages. It means that people that able to communicate in multiple or more than two languages are In the world, hundreds of million people routinely use two or more languages in their daily lives. This also happens to the Indonesian people who are multilingual. Indonesian people master at least the Indonesian national language or Bahasa Indonesian and their regional languages such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, and so on.
Indonesian people, especially youth, usually master foreign languages, such as English, Japanese, Chinese, etc. The fact that people who can use more than one language encourages them to mix code whenever they speak. It is very common for people can use more than one language at the same time which is called code-mixing. Moreover, it is also possible for bilingual or multilingual people to use code-mixing in communication even though in the same topic, context or people.
This kind of language phenomenon is the reason for the existence of code-mixing.

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
There are some different explanations of an expert about code-mixing with different ideas. First, Wardhaugh (1986) states that code-mixing occurs when conversant use both languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the other in the course of a single utterance It means that the conversant just change some of the elements in their utterance. Code mixing takes place without a change of topic and can involve various levels of language, e.g., morphology and lexical items.
The concept of code-mixing is used to refer to a more general form of language contact that may include cases of codeswitching and the other form of contacts that emphasizes lexical items. This definition is found in the following excerpt. Muysken (2000) defines that the term code-mixing to refer to all cases where lexical items and grammatical features from two languages appear in one sentence. He also defines in code-mixing pieces of one language are used while a speaker is using another language.
While Gumperz (1982) defines in codemixing pieces of one language are used while a speaker is using another language. The concept of code-mixing is used to refer to a more general form of language contact that may include cases of code-switching and the other form of contacts that emphasizes lexical items.
It is a mix of code that occurs when conversant uses both languages together to the extent they change from one language to another in the course of a single utterance.
According to Suwito (1998), in codemixing, we can see the borrowing elements of a sentence from one language to another language. The writer uses two languages or more languages to state their thought, instruction, message, and experiment so that readers can receive what the writer has expressed.
Code mixing has three forms. According to Mckay & Nancy (1996), there are three forms of code-mixing; insertion of words, the insertion of phrases, and the insertions of clauses of a sentence:

The insertion of words
It is the process to insert the word into the sentence from one language to another language. The words include noun, adjective, verb, and adverb. A noun is used to name or identity any of a class of things, people, place, or ideas. An adjective is used to state the function and characteristic of a person or something and a verb is used to state inaction.

The insertion of phrases
It is the process to insert the phrase into the sentence from one language to another language. A phrase is a group related to words. It may contain like noun, verb, adjective, or adverb.

The insertion of clauses or sentences
It is the process to insert a sentence or clause from one language to another language in the text. A clause is a group of related words that consist of a subject and a verb, although sometimes the subject may not appear explicitly. Werner & Spaventa (2002) states that a clause is divided into two: main clause (independent clause) which has a subject and verb and can stand alone (complete sentence), and dependent clause which also has a subject and verb, but can't stand alone (incomplete sentence).

III. RESEARCH METHOD
This research is qualitative since this research analyzes code-mixing in sentences.
According to Creswell (2009), qualitative research is a means for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.
This research did not involve numeric, which is one of the qualitative research characteristics. In this research, the writer did observation and documentation methods to get the data. Therefore, the writer takes qualitative descriptive as a method since it is related to this study in analyzing forms of code-mixing in Twitter.
There are several techniques for collecting research data. According to Suwartono (2014;p.41), data collection is a variety of ways used to collect data; collect, retrieve, or capture research data. In collecting the data, there are several activities performed by the writer. First, the writer visited Twitter's online platform. Second, the writer takes screenshots of some posting from Twitter that contains code-mixing. The writer collected some screenshots. Then, the writer marked and outlined the existence of code-mixing. Next, the writer explains it. Finally, the writer analyzes the data that has been found by using McKay and Nancy's theory for types and functions of code-mixing.

IV. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
According to McKay and Nancy (1996) Two words in English are being inserted in this post. The word "di-literallyliterally-in" means that Indonesian people say "Secara harfiah". The second word is "meeting" which means "rapat" in the Indonesian language.

Data 2
Picture 2. A Posting from Twitter Account @uberfunk Twitter account @uberfunk posted a tweet that contains code-mixing on September 3rd, 2018. There is one phrase insertion form that can be found in this post. The owner of this Twitter account inserts the phrase "very against this type of communication" in his/her post. The meaning of this phrase in Indonesian language is "sangat menentang tipe komunikasi yang seperti ini".

Data 3
Picture 3. A Posting from Twitter Account @LaeEnrich Five words insertion forms of codemixing can be seen in the post by Twitter account @LaeEnrich on September 3rd, 2018.
The first word is "which is" that means "yang mana" in the Indonesian language. The second word is "claim" which means "mengaku" in the Indonesian language. Another word that is also being mixed is "wise". This word means "bijaksana" in the Indonesian language. The last word that is also being inserted is "thinking" which means "berpikir".

Data 4
Picture 4. A Posting from Twitter Account @ikramarki Picture number four above is the post that was being posted on Twitter from the account @ikramarki on September 3rd, 2018.
This Twitter account inserted one English word, that is "dude" which means "kawan" in the Indonesian word. He/she also inserts one phrase in English, such as "which is I think it's like". This sentence means "yang mana aku pikir itu seperti" Twitter account @dearmedinas uses the word "speaks" rather than the Indonesian language "berbicara". This Twitter account also used the word "you" three times like the way Indonesian people point someone to make sure they understand, but she chose to use that word to replace "kamu".
The second form, phrase insertions, can be seen from "seriously, man" and "so what".
This phrase "seriously, man" is often being used by Indonesian people who speak English and Indonesian language to express confusion rather than explaining it in the Indonesian language like "yang benar saja dong, pak".
Another example, "so what," is also a pick of phrase that the youth choose rather than to say "memangnya kenapa". The post from @amorphati on the date of September 4th, 2018 also contains codemixing. There are two forms of code-mixing in this post. The first form is a word. There is only one word that can be found as a words insertion form. The word "ngebully" means "mencela" in the Indonesia language. The next form is a phrase. There is also just one phrase that is being inserted in this post. The phrase "why you guys" means "kenapa kalian semua" in Indonesia. The next form is sentences. Two sentences insertion forms can be found in this post. The sentence "I don't get it" means "saya tidak mengerti" and the sentence 'but I'm more Jakartan then all of you" means "saya lebih anak Jakarta dibanding kalian semua"

Data 8
Picture 8. A posting from Twitter Account @b0njavenue The next data that the writer gets from the Twitter account @b0njavenue when he replies to Twitter account @luberfess at the date of September 4 th , 2018 also contained code-mixing in some forms. The first form is word insertion. There are two examples of words insertion form in this post. The word "like" means "seperti" in Indonesia. The next word is "unexpected" which means "tidak terduga". The next form is sentence insertion.
Three words insertion forms can be seen in this post. The sentence "To be honest, I don't even know why" means "Sejujurnya saya tidak mengerti kenapa". The next sentence is "But, in my opinion it's just a joke" means "Tetapi menurut saya itu hanya sebuah candaan". The last sentence is "because it's not that deep" means"karena itu tidak terlalu menyakitkan"

Data 9
Picture 9. A posting from Twitter Account @linta95 The post by Twitter account @linta95 when she replied to @GrabID on September 5th, 2018 is also an example of code-mixing.
Here, the writer found that this post is an example of code-mixing with the form of sentence insertions. In this post, there are two sentence insertions form can be found. The sentence of "but literally, I think I'm kinda like that, yes?" that means "tetapi sebenarnya, saya pikir saya memang seperti itu, ya?" The writer of this sentence also uses other sentence insertion forms such as "little little I can." She translates literally from Indonesian sentence "saya bisa sedikitsedikit"

Data 10
Picture 10. A posting from Twitter Account @rocarcasm The second post on the date of September 5th, 2018 that also contains codemixing is from Twitter account @rocarcasm.
When she replied to a post from @detikcom, she mixes Indonesian and English language in one sentence. There are three phrases insertion form that can be found in this sentence. The phrase "maybe that's because" and "love both English and bahasa" are being mixed with the Indonesian language "anak jaksel itu". the phrase "maybe that's because means "mungkin itu karena" in Indonesia language and the phrase "love both English and Bahasa" means "menyukai ke dua bahasa yaitu Inggris dan Indonesia".

Data 11
Picture 11. A Posting from Twitter Account @gdannski The Twitter account @gdannski posted a tweet that contains code-mixing on the date of September 6th, 2018. This post inserted four words in English, such as "basically" which means "pada dasarnya", "today" that has a meaning of "hari ini" in the Indonesian language, "which" that means "yang mana" and "literally" that means "secara harfiah". The next form is phrase insertions. There are only phrases insertion form found in this post.
The phrase in English that is being inserted is "speak light this, right kan?" which means "berbicara seperti ini, benar kan?"

Data 12
Picture 12. A Posting from Twitter Account @hadelisious The forms of code-mixing, words insertion, can be seen from the post by Twitter account @hadelisious when replied to Twitter account @_gladhys and @icchaaa on the date of September 7th, 2018. Four words in English are being inserted in this post. The first word is "as". This word means "sebagai" in the Indonesia language. The next word is "please" which means "tolong". The next word is "you" which means "kamu". The last word is "famous" which means "terkenal" in Indonesian language.

Data 13
Picture 13. A posting from Twitter Account @bilamaha On the date of 7 September 2018, Twitter account @bilamaha posted a tweet that contains code-mixing done by South Jakartan youth. Here, she used five words in English in an Indonesian sentence. The first word is "cause" which means "karena". The second word is "should" which means "seharusnya". The next word is "English" which means "Inggris" in the Indonesian language. The fourth word is "every-time" which means "setiap saat" in the Indonesian language. The last word is "talk" which means "berbicara" in the Indonesian language. All of these words are examples of words insertions.

Data 14
Picture 14. A Posting from Twitter Account @clowneryluvv The post from Twitter account @clowneryluvv on the date of September 9th, 2018 contains code-mixing in word insertions and phrase insertions forms. There is only a one-word insertion form that can be found in this post. The word that is being inserted in this post is "silent". This word means "diam" in the Indonesian language. The second form, phrase insertion, can be seen in three phrases, such as "feel shy", "which is", and "people asking". The phrase "feel shy" means "merasa malu" in the Indonesian language. Another phrase, "people asking", means "orang-orang bertanya". The last phrase "which is" has the meaning "yang mana" in the Indonesian language. phrases. There is one example of word insertion forms in this post. The words that are being inserted are "hilarious" which means "lucu" and "as in" which means "sebagai".
There is also only one phrase insertion form in this post. The phrase that is being inserted is "like literally really proud" which means "benar -benar bangga"

Data 18
Picture 18. A posting from Twitter Account @DOKYEOLL The forms of sentence and word of code-mixing also can be seen from the post of insertions can be seen from the word "netizen" which means "warga internet" in the Indonesian language.

Data 19
Picture 19. A Posting from Twitter Account @deadliner The post by Twitter account @deadliner on September 23rd, 2018 above contains codemixing. In this post, there is a word inserting code-mixing such as "location" that means "lokasi" in the Indonesian language. The insertion of the phrase form of code-mixing also exists here. The phrase "which is" is sometimes being used to replace the phrase "yang mana" in Bahasa. The phrase"using English and Bahasa in one sentence" means "menggunakan bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia di satu kalimat" also is a code-mixing with the form of insertion of phrase. Another example of this form is "to communicate with the others" which means "untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain" This means that, codemixing with the form of words insertions and phrases insertions has existed in this post.

Data 20
Picture 20. A Posting from Twitter Account @tivanoedwin Twitter account @tivanoedwin replied to Twitter account @tie_shanti @mpucihuy, and @udarian on September 25 th , 2018. The writer of this post used code-mixing in his post. There is the sentence/clause insertion that can be found in this post. The first sentence is "I'm like literally" which means "Saya seperti benar-benar". The second example of this form is clause insertion; "but I'm still staying" which means "Tetapi saya masih menetap". The last example is the sentence "you know" which means "kamu tahu". This twitter owner use the slang of the word "you" and change it into "ya"

V. Conclusion
From the discussion, the writer concludes that three forms of code-mixing exist in the posts by South Jakartan youth on Twitter. The first form of code-mixing that can be seen in those posts is words insertions. It is the process to insert the word into the sentence from one language to another language. There are 35 examples of word insertions that can be found in 20 data that the writer gets. The next form is phrases insertion. It is the process to insert the phrase into the sentence from one language to another language. There are 20 examples of phrase insertions that can be found in those data. The last form is sentences insertions. It is the process of inserting a sentence or clause from one language to another language in the text. 14 sentence insertions also can be found.