THE USE OF CODE MIXING IN TWEETS BY KPOP FANS IN TWITTER

Code mixing is spreading all over the world because of the influence of globalization and social media. One of social media that takes role in code mixing daily use is Twitter. The writer conducted a research about code mixing in tweets by KPOP fans in twitter which shows the use of code mixing. The writer found out three types and six functions of code mixing that were used by KPOP fans in their tweets. The types were insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. Meanwhile, the functions that were applied by KPOP fans in their tweets were to build social situation, to communicate with particular participant, to share ethnicity, to express idea easily, to create sense of humor, and to express disapproval.


Introduction
Language has many variations and has its own structure.One of the ways to make listeners or readers understand the language more is by using code mixing.
Korean Pop also known as KPOP is a phenomenon nowadays.It is spreading because of Korean Wave known as Hallyu (한류).The term was first given by the Chinese press in the late of 1990s because at that time Korean pop culture was growing in China.As a result of Korean Wave, there are many people who begin to like Korean pop music and become fans of it.KPOP fans often chat or communicate by twitter.By using twitter, they will meet their fellows, and other people who have the same interest in certain bias, they can talk and share their experience or even their personal preference in twitter and often mix their mother tongue with Korean.They usually put one word or phrase in Korean in their tweets.Hence, twitter is a good medium for KPOP fans to use code mixing, for example, "Don"t call me noona".There is a combination of English language and Korean language in previous sentence.The word "noona" means older sister.Perhaps the user does not want to be called that way because she is not older than the other user.
The writer was interested in analyzing this code mixing used by KPOP fans in order to find out the kinds of code mixing type mostly used by KPOP fans and the functions of code mixing for KPOP fans.

Code Mixing
Code mixing is a mix of oral or written languages by someone.This phenomenon frequently occurs in informal situation.According to Sumarsih, et.al (2014), code mixing exists because of the influence of linguistic diversity in community and the mixture of two or more languages that will be understood by the community people.In other way, code mixing is a mixing of two or more languages of someone"s statement that happens in informal situation.Additionally, this research analyzes written code mixing in tweets.

Types of Code Mixing
Code mixing is one of issue in linguistic topic and it also has its types and functions.According to Muysken (2000)

Insertion
Insertion is a process of inserting lexical items or materials of first language (L 1 ) in a sentence which also has the second language (L 2 ).It can be words or phrases.Muysken (2000) also appends that insertional code mixingis the constituent that is inserted; the constituent can be any syntactic unit like a lexical items or pharse.This example uses English phrase and then mixes it with Indonesian.

Congruent Lexicalization
This pattern refers to two languages which share grammatical structure fully or in part by shifting from one to another.It can be seen as following:

III. Research Methods
This research used a qualitative research because the data were written.
The writer collected every tweet that was found in twitter.However, only tweets that were related to this research were analyzed.Based on the title, the writer analyzed about the types and functions of code mixing by KPOP fans.
The data for this research were taken from social media twitter.To be more specific, the writer sorted the data which were tweets by KPOP fans found in twitter.Twitter was chosen because it was easy to use and had code mixing that the writer analyzed.All of the data were in English and were mixed with Korean, whether it is in Romanization or Hangul.

IV. Findings
Code mixing is used in daily life even it is used in social media.Code mixing itself has several types; Muysken (2000) states that code mixing has three types.The types are insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization.
These types can be found in tweets by KPOP fans.

Insertion
Insertion is a condition that inserts one word or phrase in a sentence or statement.In this case, the tweets contained one word or phrases in Korean.It can be seen as the as the following example.

Alternation
Alternation is a condition where the speaker uses one phrase from L 1 and then alternates to L 2 .In other word, one phrase from L 1 is followed by one phrase from L 2 .
The example is in the following.
Ohmaigadh :"( :"( in love with sulli. (Tweeted by ssulchwan, April 6) This tweet consisted of a phrase in Korean, and then it is followed by

Congruent Lexicalization
Congruent lexicalization is a condition where the sentence turns into why.This tweet began with Korean, and was followed by English.

V. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, the writer found that KPOP fans had applied three types of code mixing in their tweets.
There are insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization.These types are common to be found in KPOP fans tweets.
As mentioned before in the previous chapter, insertion is inserting phrase of L 2 in statement of L 1 .For example, English was mixed with Korean.Occasionally, insertion is inserting only a phrase or a word.Alternation is alternating from L 1 to L 2. For example, "I don"t know him , intra sentential code mixing has different patterns or types.At least, there are three patterns explained by Muysken.The three patterns are insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization.To support all the explanation before, there will be some examples to understand more the theories taken from Cárdenas-Carlos & Isharyanti (2009) from their case study.

Figure. 3 (
Figure. 3 Congruent lexicalization concept (Source: Cárdenas-Carlos & Isharyanti' journal; p 71) In figure 3, language A and B produce words or phrases after one to another.It is like language A which produces a, then it is followed by b from language B, and then again a ends with b.It means in one sentence there are two words or phrases from each language.It can be seen as the following example.
don"t have to work as hard".They work harder than nugus to pass the audition, keep up with training demands and debut.(Tweeted by Oniontaker, May 27) This tweet consisted of one word in Korean which was nugus.Nugus is from 누구 which means who.Nugus in this tweet did not mean questioning someone or group but it implied unknown or not popular as the meaning.It was frequently used in bad situation for KPOP fans.was also another example of insertion.Maknae is from 막내 which means youngest.Aside from translation, the meaning of the tweet could be guessed by looking at the end of the sentence: adult.Maknae is used for calling someone in adoring expression based on the meaning of the tweet.3. Wow youngmin fans are jinjja daebak!!!They are the kindest (Tweeted by defdanielpeach July 2) Another example of insertion by KPOP fans tweet is jinjja daebak which means really the best.Generally, he was expressing his surprise with the act of youngmin fans here.In Korean, it would be 진짜대박 (jinjjadaebak).In literal translation 진짜 (jinjja) means real and 대박 (daebak) means jackpot or hit.Daebak (대박) is used for expressing something big or praising something or someone.KPOP fans often used 대박 (daebak) to praise while 진짜 (jinjja) was often used for expressing surprise.Basically this term is used for positive thing and expressing gratitude.Based on those data, it can be said that KPOP fans used insertion in their tweets.They inserted simple Korean words in their statements.The Korean words which were being inserted were in Romanization.
it stated, the fan alternated English with Korean.If it was interpreted one by one, 왜 (wae) means why, 우리 (uri) means our or us, 애들 (aedeul) means kids, 한테만 (hanteman) means only, and그러냐(geuleonya) means yes.After knowing one by one the meaning of the word of the sentence, the meaning of the whole sentence was why is it onlyour kids.This tweet described pity.Hamsoonie expressed her pity to Luna in hertweet.The alternation in those explanations was combined with insertion and alternation.Like example 5, the speaker used three phrases in Korean as continuity and they were followed by English.This showed KPOP fans used alternation type in their tweets.
languages regularly from L 1 ,L 2 ,L 1 ,L 2. It means that the speaker used English, then Korean, then English, and then Korean in one statement only.Those were conclusion of code mixing types.These findings were in line with the three types of code mixing stated by Muysken.The most common type that was used by KPOP fans was insertion.This research also found out six functions of code mixing which are applied by KPOP fans.The six functions of code mixing are to build social situation, to communicate with particular participant, to share ethnicity, to express idea easily, to create sense of humor, and to express disapproval.Those are functions of code mixing that are found in KPOP fans tweet in twitter.The most common function found in KPOP fans tweets is expressing idea easily.These six functions are in line with the functions of code mixing stated by Holmes.